Some dogs are particularly vulnerable to cold temperatures, including:
Dogs with thick double coats, such as Huskies and Malamutes, generally tolerate cold much better than short-haired breeds—but even cold-weather breeds aren’t immune to hypothermia or frostbite.
Pay attention to your dog’s behavior. Signs they may be getting too cold include:
If your dog becomes weak, confused, extremely lethargic, or stops responding normally, bring them inside immediately and contact a veterinarian, as these can be signs of hypothermia.
Cold weather isn’t the only concern. Ice, snow, salt, and chemical deicers can irritate or injure paw pads. Wipe your dog’s paws after winter walks and check between their toes for ice or salt buildup.
Dog boots can provide additional protection for dogs that tolerate wearing them.
There’s no universal number of minutes that’s safe for every dog. Instead, consider the temperature, wind, moisture, your dog’s characteristics, and their behavior.
When temperatures are very low, short potty breaks are safer than extended walks or outdoor play. Never leave your dog unattended outside in dangerously cold weather.
If you’re uncomfortable being outside in the cold, your dog may be uncomfortable too. When temperatures drop below freezing, pay closer attention to your dog’s behavior and consider shortening outdoor activities. Once temperatures reach the single digits or below zero, outdoor exposure should be kept to a minimum.
And remember: cold tolerance varies enormously between dogs. A 50-pound Husky and a 10-pound Chihuahua may have very different experiences at the same temperature.